Google Doc Chapters 1-4
Chapter 1:
Life and science
Order
Reproduction
Growth and Development
Energy Processing
Regulation
Response to the Environment
Evolutionary Adaption
Archaea (prokaryotic)
Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
Chapter 2:
Basic chemistry
Chapter 3:
Water
Organic Chemistry
Notes:
Functional Group- piece of the formula that is the same and implies certain properties. Gives a consistency. Embedded or free. Alcohols and proteins. Help make the structure and determine the properties. Every single functional group gives all a function and properties
7 functional groups:
Chapter 1:
Life and science
- What is the overarching theme in biology? Evolution is the overarching theme in biology.
- Know the seven levels of biological organization
Order
Reproduction
Growth and Development
Energy Processing
Regulation
Response to the Environment
Evolutionary Adaption
- What are four more themes in biology? Diversity, Unity, Overarching: Evolution
- Name and describe the three domains of life
Archaea (prokaryotic)
Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
- What is the myth of the scientific method? There is no one scientific method.
Chapter 2:
Basic chemistry
- Define and/or apply : Atom: smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. Element: a substance that cannot be broken down any further to any other substance by ordinary chemical means. Atomic number: The specific number of protons of an atom that an element has. atomic mass: the approximal equal to the mass number ( the number of protons and neutrons within the nucleus). Ion: An atom or molecule with an electric charge resulting as a gain or loss of one or more electron isotope:Have the same number of protons and behave identically in chemical reactions but have different number of neutrons. subatomic particles: proton, electron, neutrons
- Be able to read a periodic table and determine number of protons electrons and neutrons
- States of matter: Gas, liquid, and solid are all of the states of matter.
- Molecules: atoms held together by covalent bonds and compounds: substance containing of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
- Be able to interpret a Bohr model
- Describe how elements get their properties: The chemical properties of an element are due to the distribution of electrons around the atom's nucleus, particularly the outer, or valence, electrons.
- Types of bonds, examples, and significance
- Covalent- Shares two unpaired electrons . Single and double bonds.
- Polar- A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
- Nonpolar- A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
- Ionic- two ions with opposite charges attract each other
- Hydrogen- A weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
- Van der Waals- All matter attracts all other matter
Chapter 3:
Water
- Water as a polar ionic bond- why is this significant?
- importance of water to life --know at least five items : Aids in digestion, Assists in excretion of waste and toxins, allows you to not drink your calories, gives your brain a boost, keeps you young
- pH scale: The measure of acidity in a solution ranging in value from 0(most acidic) to 14(most basic) pH stands for Potential hydrogen and refer to the concentration of hydrogen ions. Solvent: The dissolving agent in a solution(water being the most versatile solvent known). Solutes: substance that is dissolved in a solution
- Buffers- A chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions.
Organic Chemistry
- Define organic chemistry
- The chemistry of carbon compounds
- Discuss the Urey/Miller experiment: The Urey/Miller experiment was an experiment that simulated the conditions thoughts to be present on Earth at the time, and tested for the occurrence of chemical origins of life.
- Properties of carbon:
- hydrocarbons- an organic compound consisted only of the elements carbon and hydrogen
- Metabolism
- anabolism: The building of substances by the body
- catabolism: breaks down molecules into smaller particles to release energy
- ATP: adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source for cells, ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed
- ADP: The result when the third bond of ATP is broken
- Metabolic Pathways: a series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule
- Endergonic: an energy requiring chemical reaction which yields products with more potential energy than the reactants
- Exergonic: An energy releasing chemical reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products
- The four Organic compounds and the indicators for them we used in the lab:
- Carbohydrates- Benedict's
- Starch: iodine
- Lipids- oil
- Proteins- gelatin and HCl
- Nucleic Acids(no lab now)- (not sure)
Notes:
Functional Group- piece of the formula that is the same and implies certain properties. Gives a consistency. Embedded or free. Alcohols and proteins. Help make the structure and determine the properties. Every single functional group gives all a function and properties
7 functional groups: