Mendel's Genetics
Mendel conducted experiments by breeding plants, but this provided the basic knowledge for all heredity. Mendel discovered that the inheritance of traits are passed on by genes, that these traites are inherited from each parent, and that a trait may not be expressed but it can still be passed on.
Probability of Inheritance
Reginald Punnett created a diagram that we now refer to as the Punnett Square. This technique can be used to ascertain the possiblity of a trait being passed to the next generation.
Genotype- Letter or symbol
Homozygous- AA, aa
Heterozygous- Aa
Phenotype- description (tall, short-always an adjective)
Exceptions to Simple Inheritance
There are exceptions, these are known as non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. This includes incomplete dominance where a trait is not able to code for enough of the production of the trait. There is codominance; both alleles are expressed as heterozygous individuals. Modifiers can affect how other genes are expressed. Regulators activate or inhibit the expression of other genes. Pleiotropy is when one gene affects many outcomes.
What is Heredity?
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Genes encode the instructions for our traits. Genes are made of DNA in our chromosomes. Environment can also affect traits. Offspring receives half chromosomes from the father and half from the mother.
What is a Trait?
A trait is a physical or mental feature on a person. Traits are passed through generations. There can also be an increased risk to specific diseases. Traits are determined when a dominant gene is passed down.
Mendel conducted experiments by breeding plants, but this provided the basic knowledge for all heredity. Mendel discovered that the inheritance of traits are passed on by genes, that these traites are inherited from each parent, and that a trait may not be expressed but it can still be passed on.
Probability of Inheritance
Reginald Punnett created a diagram that we now refer to as the Punnett Square. This technique can be used to ascertain the possiblity of a trait being passed to the next generation.
Genotype- Letter or symbol
Homozygous- AA, aa
Heterozygous- Aa
Phenotype- description (tall, short-always an adjective)
Exceptions to Simple Inheritance
There are exceptions, these are known as non-Mendelian inheritance patterns. This includes incomplete dominance where a trait is not able to code for enough of the production of the trait. There is codominance; both alleles are expressed as heterozygous individuals. Modifiers can affect how other genes are expressed. Regulators activate or inhibit the expression of other genes. Pleiotropy is when one gene affects many outcomes.
What is Heredity?
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Genes encode the instructions for our traits. Genes are made of DNA in our chromosomes. Environment can also affect traits. Offspring receives half chromosomes from the father and half from the mother.
What is a Trait?
A trait is a physical or mental feature on a person. Traits are passed through generations. There can also be an increased risk to specific diseases. Traits are determined when a dominant gene is passed down.