1. What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that infects bacteria
2. What is the basic structure for all viruses?
Nucleic acid wrapped in a capsid
3. Describe the following types of viruses and give examples of diseases each causes:
a. DNA
The virus infects the nucleus and every time the cell replicates the virus replicates with the cell; Smallpox
b. Retro
A retrovirus enters the nucleus synthesizes DNA from RNA and then exits; HIV
c. RNA
The virus enters the cytoplasm creates new viral proteins and new viral genome and then exits; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
4. Describe acute, latent, chronic, and progressive viral diseases and give examples for each.
Acute- Rapid disease, brief symptoms; smallpox, flu, ebola, SARS
Latent- Can enter cell and lie dormant, may reactivate later and cause disease; Herpesvirus
Chronic- some progressive over a long period time; Hepatitis B and C
Progressive- abundant progression over a long period of time; HIV
5. What is innate immunity and what body structures are involved?
Innate immunity is the immune response that is natural and is used during the beginning of the infection. The structures involved are proteins called interferons and lympochytes.
6. What is adaptive immunity? What structures are involved?
Adaptive immunity is virus specific immune response. There is a synthesis of virus-specific antibodies by lymphocytes and cell-mediated response which kills infected cells.
7. What are the major types of immune cells, where are they produced, and where are they active?
A major type of immune cell are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. They are found in blood and organs of the lymphatic system. Specific lymphocytes are developed in the bone marrow and are known as B cells. T cells are produced in the thymus.
8. What is an antigen?
Any molecule that elicits an adaptive immune response
9. What is an antibody?
A protein that attaches to an antigen and helps counter its effects.
10. What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
Passive immunity is temporary immunity that is passed on from mother to infant.
Active immunity is immunity that is gained by a vaccine or by being introduced to a virus.
A virus that infects bacteria
2. What is the basic structure for all viruses?
Nucleic acid wrapped in a capsid
3. Describe the following types of viruses and give examples of diseases each causes:
a. DNA
The virus infects the nucleus and every time the cell replicates the virus replicates with the cell; Smallpox
b. Retro
A retrovirus enters the nucleus synthesizes DNA from RNA and then exits; HIV
c. RNA
The virus enters the cytoplasm creates new viral proteins and new viral genome and then exits; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
4. Describe acute, latent, chronic, and progressive viral diseases and give examples for each.
Acute- Rapid disease, brief symptoms; smallpox, flu, ebola, SARS
Latent- Can enter cell and lie dormant, may reactivate later and cause disease; Herpesvirus
Chronic- some progressive over a long period time; Hepatitis B and C
Progressive- abundant progression over a long period of time; HIV
5. What is innate immunity and what body structures are involved?
Innate immunity is the immune response that is natural and is used during the beginning of the infection. The structures involved are proteins called interferons and lympochytes.
6. What is adaptive immunity? What structures are involved?
Adaptive immunity is virus specific immune response. There is a synthesis of virus-specific antibodies by lymphocytes and cell-mediated response which kills infected cells.
7. What are the major types of immune cells, where are they produced, and where are they active?
A major type of immune cell are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. They are found in blood and organs of the lymphatic system. Specific lymphocytes are developed in the bone marrow and are known as B cells. T cells are produced in the thymus.
8. What is an antigen?
Any molecule that elicits an adaptive immune response
9. What is an antibody?
A protein that attaches to an antigen and helps counter its effects.
10. What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
Passive immunity is temporary immunity that is passed on from mother to infant.
Active immunity is immunity that is gained by a vaccine or by being introduced to a virus.